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A short history of Ireland
The island has been populated ever since Prehistory, as proved by the numerous megalithic ruins. By the IV century B.C., the Celtic and Gaelic populations coming from Europe settled down on the island. The long-lasting domain of the Celtic culture is due to the fact that the Romans never succeeded in conquering the island.
In the V century Saint Patrick, the national patron saint, converted people to Christianity, Christianity had a deep impact either on architecture, with the construction of numerous monasteries and abbeys, and on popular culture, as Catholic religion is still very rooted today.
By the 19th century, Ireland was subject to the Vikings, who settled down in the eastern part of the island and founded Dublin. This is a period of sacks and devastations, until 1014, when Brian Boru, king of Ireland, led the Celtic population to victory defeating the invaders.
In the XII century the Anglo-Norman troops led by Henry II (king of England) occupied Dublin and the surrounding region, submitting the population and dividing the eastern and central territories among the English landlords, who built here numerous castles and fortresses. The English domain lasted for 7 centuries, in a constant alternation of rebellions and repressions.
In 1801 Ireland joined the United Kingdom, and between 1845 and 1851 the country was hit by the "Great Famine", which caused thousands of victims and forced many people to emigrate in the United States.
After a troubled period and a quick but violent war of independence (1919-21), Ireland became a free state, while six of its counties (corresponding today to Northern Ireland) remained under the government of Great Britain.
In 1949 the country obtained full autonomy from the United Kingdom, and in 1973 it joined the European Union.
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